Star-shaped brooch, bronze and enamel, from Sarmatian burial at Alfold, Hungary [after A. Stoyanova]
The Use of Brooches by the Barbarian Populations in the Crimean Sub-Mountainous Area and in Alfold in the Roman Period’, Anastasiya Stoyanovahttps://www.academia.edu
Иштванович Э., Кульчар В., Стоянова А. Фибулы в костюме населения сарматского времени предгорного Крыма и Альфёльда / Brooches in the Costume of the Sarmatian Age Population in the Crimean Piedmont and the Great Hungarian Plain, Anastasiya Stoyanovahttps://www.academia.edu
The only type of clasps that were worn almost exclusively by women (sometimes by children) were various brooches with enamel or inserts (Fig. 2: 10–11). Such brooches appear already at the turn of the 1st-2nd centuries, their influx is observed after the Marcomannic wars, and they remain in fashion throughout the 3rd century. [Great Hungarian Plain, Sarmatian burials]
Enameled wheel- and star-shaped brooches from Sarmatian female burials, south-western Romania, 2nd-4th century.
V. Bârcă, L. Grumeza, Sarmatae burials and cemeteries excavated in recent years in south-western Romania https://www.academia.edu
Giarmata burial – late 2nd century and third quarter of the 3rd century
L. Grumeza, Enameled wheel-shaped brooches (Feugere 27d1 type) typology and distribution https://www.academia.edu
“The aim of the paper is to discuss the typology and distribution of enamelled wheel-shaped brooches (Feugère 27D1), characterized by large size, floral shape, complex and unique decorations. These brooches are rare and unique (one cannot find two identical items!), however, they have been discovered on an expanded geographical area, from Gallia to the North of the Black Sea, for instance in Lanslevillard (Lanslebourg), Vaison-la-Romaine (Vancluse), Airolo–Madrano (Leventina), Carnuntum (Austria), Aquincum (Hungary), Chersonesos (Crimea), and Giarmata (Banat). Certainly, most of the brooches were made in provincial GalloRoman workshops by craftsmen highly specialized in bronze and glass processing. Such items are considered luxury products (especially in the “barbarian” environment). Even though M. Feugère considers that this type cannot be dated before the 3rd century AD, we consider that it dates back earlier, starting with the second half of the 2nd century AD, namely the years 170/180 AD.”
1. Giarmata, Romania 2. Airolo-Madrano 3. Chersonesos 4. Possibly from Galia (The Met 2002.483.2) 7.9 x 7.2 x 2.2 cm 5, 6. Lanslevillard 7. Aquincum 8. Carnuntum
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